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Accents in Spanish
If word ends in -n -s or a vowel, the stress falls on next-to-last syllabus. If you remember that these - está, están, estás - are exceptions, than you remember the rule.
Words with all the other endings have an accent on the last syllabus.
Question and exclamation words - comó, dónde, qué - always have accents.
Demonstrative pronouns have an accent as opposed to demonstrative adjectives.
éste -- este libro, éstas -- estas blusas
Certain words change their meaning when written with an accent.
cómo how como like
dé give de of, from
él he/him el the
más more mas but
mí me mi my
sé I know se 3rd person pronoun
sí yes si if
sólo only solo alone
té tea te you
tú you tu your
Gender in Spanish
Referring to males and/or ending in -o hombre, libro Referring to females and/or ending in -a -ción -tad -dad mujer, mesa, nación, libertad, universidad
Ones referring neither to males or females
and having different endings can be of either gender el lápiz, la clase, la tarde, la noche
Many nouns change gender by changing the last vowel or by adding -a to the last consonant el compañero, la compañera, un profesor, la profesora
Many nouns have the same form and differ only by the article el estudiante, la estudiante
Some nouns ending in -e change gender by changing it to -a el presidente, la presidenta
Remberber: El día and El problema are MASCULINE.
Many words ending in -ma are MASCULINE el problema, el sistema, el programa
Forming plural in Spanish
ending in vowel vowel + s el/un libro
la/una mesa los/unos libros
las/unas mesas ending in consonant consonant + es un papel
la universidad unos papeles
las universidades
ending in consonant z z -> ces el lapiz los lapices
to refer to a group consisting of both
males and females masculine plural is used . el amigo
la amiga los amigos
Somo sound spellings
Hard C sound ca que qui co cu sacar, saque
S/Z sound za ce ci zo zu cazar, cace
Hard G sound ga gue gui go gu pagar, pague
Soft G sound ja ge gi jo ju elija, elegir As you see, two vowels -- e and i -- are exceptional.
To remember them, remember two words -- que and quien.
Typing accents
á alt 160 alt 0225 ctrl ', a
é alt 130 alt 0233 ctrl ', e
í alt 161 alt 0237 ctrl ', i
ó alt162 alt 0243 ctrl ', o
ú alt 163 alt 0250 ctrl ', u
ñ alt 164 alt 0241 shift + ctrl+~, n
Á alt 0193 ctrl ', A
É alt 144 alt 0201 ctrl ', E
Í alt 0205 ctrl ', I
Ó alt 0211 ctrl ', O
Ú alt 0218 ctrl ', U
Ñ alt 165 alt 0209 shift + ctrl+~, N
¿ alt 168 alt 0191 alt+shift + ctrl + ?
¡ alt 173 alt 0161 alt+shift + ctrl + !